Non-DOS disks typically don't have a standard filesystem, so first of all you'll have to disassemble the game to find out how it lays out data on the disk, and what data is where.
Once you know where the data is, the other problem you'll face is that A) it won't be in a standard format like IFF, and B) it'll probably be compressed to fit more on the floppy, probably again using a non-standard compression scheme.
So, you'll have to rip out the decompression code from the game, and use it to decompress the RAW data, and examine the game code to see what format its actually in.
Then you'll have to write a converter to convert the custom data into a standard fileformat.
Or you could just load the games into UAE, take screenshots and carefully rip the graphics out of the screenshots with a paint program.